COVID-19 and liver injury in individuals with obesity.

Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that manifests as a variety of clinical manifestations, including liver damage commonly detected by a hepatocellular pattern from liver function tests. Liver injury is associated with a worse prognosis overall. Conditions associated with the severity of the disease include obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities, which are also associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The presence of NAFLD, similarly to obesity, is associated with an unfavourable impact on the coronavirus disease 2019 outcome. Individuals with these conditions could present with liver damage and elevated liver function tests due to direct viral cytotoxicity, systemic inflammation, ischemic or hypoxic liver damage or drug side effects. However, liver damage in the setting of NAFLD could also be attributed to a pre-existing chronic low-grade inflammation associated with surplus and dysfunctional adipose tissue in these individuals. Here we investigate the hypothesis that a pre-existing inflammatory status is exacerbated after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, which embodies a second hit to the underestimated liver damage.

COVID-19-associated pneumonia in Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome: A case report.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exerts differential effects on various individuals. The majority of infected individuals experience mild-to-moderate disease and usually recover, without requiring hospitalization. It has been reported that those who have underlying chronic diseases are more susceptible to infection and may thus develop significantly more serious illness. As a result, COVID-19 may aggravate pre-existing respiratory illnesses, such as interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome is an uncommon clinical condition marked by post-infectious infantile bronchiolitis obliterans. Traditionally, the diagnosis is made in infancy following an investigation for reoccurring respiratory infections, although in rare cases, the diagnosis is made in adulthood. The present study describes the case of a 45-year-old patient with Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome hospitalized due to COVID-19, which is the first one to be reported. To the best of our knowledge, there are currently no data available on the effects of COVID-19 in these individuals, stheir optimal therapy, or the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on their clinical course. Thus, it is hoped that the present study sheds some light into this condition.

Exploring the Role of ACE2 as a Connecting Link between COVID-19 and Parkinson's Disease.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently accompanied by neurological manifestations such as headache, delirium, and epileptic seizures, whereas ageusia and anosmia may appear before respiratory symptoms. Among the various neurological COVID-19-related comorbidities, Parkinson's disease (PD) has gained increasing attention. Some cases of PD disease have been linked to COVID-19, and both motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients frequently worsen following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although it is still unclear whether PD increases the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or whether COVID-19 increases the risk of or unmasks future cases of PD, emerging evidence sheds more light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between these two diseases. Among them, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a significant component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), seems to play a pivotal role. ACE2 is required for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 to the human host cells, and ACE2 dysregulation is implicated in the severity of COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ACE2 imbalance is implicated in core shared pathophysiological mechanisms between PD and COVID-19, including aberrant inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. ACE2 may also be implicated in alpha-synuclein-induced dopaminergic degeneration, gut-brain axis dysregulation, blood-brain axis disruption, autonomic dysfunction, depression, anxiety, and hyposmia, which are key features of PD.

COVID-19-associated pneumonia in Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome: A case report

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exerts differential effects on various individuals. The majority of infected individuals experience mild-to-moderate disease and usually recover, without requiring hospitalization. It has been reported that those who have underlying chronic diseases are more susceptible to infection and may thus develop significantly more serious illness. As a result, COVID-19 may aggravate pre-existing respiratory illnesses, such as interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome is an uncommon clinical condition marked by post-infectious infantile bronchiolitis obliterans. Traditionally, the diagnosis is made in infancy following an investigation for reoccurring respiratory infections, although in rare cases, the diagnosis is made in adulthood. The present study describes the case of a 45-year-old patient with Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome hospitalized due to COVID-19, which is the first one to be reported. To the best of our knowledge, there are currently no data available on the effects of COVID-19 in these individuals, stheir optimal therapy, or the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on their clinical course. Thus, it is hoped that the present study sheds some light into this condition.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Healthcare Professionals Regarding Perinatal Influenza Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Immunizations during pregnancy are an important aspect of perinatal care. Although the influenza vaccine during pregnancy is safe, vaccination rates are low. According to research data, one of the reasons for the low vaccination rates among pregnant women is that they do not receive a clear recommendation from healthcare providers. This study aims to record the knowledge and attitudes about influenza vaccination and investigate healthcare professionals' recommendations during the perinatal period. A cross-sectional study was conducted with convenience sampling in Athens, Greece. Our purposive sample included 240 midwives, Ob/Gs, and pediatricians. Data were collected using an appropriate standardized questionnaire with information about demographics, attitudes towards influenza vaccination, and knowledge about the influenza virus and peripartum vaccination. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS-Statistics version 26.0. This study identifies the reasons for the lack of vaccine uptake including a wide range of misconceptions or lack of knowledge about influenza infection, lack of convenient access to get vaccinated, etc. Misconceptions about influenza and influenza vaccines could be improved by better education of healthcare workers. Continuing professional education for health professionals is necessary to improve the level of knowledge, prevent negative beliefs, and promote preventive and therapeutic practices.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Hospitalized Patients during SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

In the last few years, the world has had to face the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its multiple effects. Even though COVID-19 was first considered to be a respiratory disease, it has an extended clinical spectrum with symptoms occurring in many tissues, and it is now identified as a systematic disease. Therefore, various drugs are used during the therapy of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Studies have shown that many of these drugs could have adverse side-effects, including drug-induced liver injury-also known as DILI-which is the focus of our review. Despite the consistent findings, the pathophysiological mechanism behind DILI in COVID-19 disease is still complex, and there are a few risk factors related to it. However, when it comes to the diagnosis, there are specific algorithms (including the RUCAM algorithm) and biomarkers that can assist in identifying DILI and which we will analyze in our review. As indicated by the title, a variety of drugs are associated with this COVID-19-related complication, including systemic corticosteroids, drugs used for the therapy of uncontrolled cytokine storm, as well as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant drugs. Bearing in mind that hepatotoxicity is very likely to occur during COVID-19, especially in patients treated with multiple medications, we will also refer to the use of other drugs used for DILI therapy in an effort to control and prevent a severe and long-term outcome.

Factors predicting poor outcomes of patients treated with tocilizumab for COVID­19­associated pneumonia: A retrospective study.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a significant global issue that has major implications for the healthcare system. The mortality rates associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection vary according to the geographical region and are associated with age, comorbidities and vaccination status. Organ damage is caused by the cytokine release syndrome, which plays a crucial role in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Innate and adaptive immune system stimulation in patients with COVID-19 results in inappropriate cytokine release. The anti-IL-6 receptor antagonist, tocilizumab, is used in the treatment of connective tissue diseases. The present single-center retrospective study on patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital between September, 2020 and April, 2022 aimed to identify predictors of mortality and other unfavorable outcomes in patients treated with tocilizumab for COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Demographics, vaccination status against SARS-CoV-2, the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), laboratory data and chest X-ray scores were recorded upon admission. In total, 174 subjects (121 males; mean age, 62.43±13.47 years) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. Among the 174 participants, 58 (33.3%) were intubated. The mortality rate was 35.1%. The non-survivors were older, mostly females, and had a higher CCI score. At the evaluation upon admission, the survivors presented with higher levels of alanine transferase and gamma glutamyl-transferase and with a greater number of platelets (PLTs), while patients that were intubated were also older, mostly females, and had a higher CCI score (P<0.05). Age was identified as the only independent factor predicting mortality in the Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression analysis. By performing a sub-analysis regarding sex, it was revealed that the value of PLTs was an independent factor predicting intubation and 90-day mortality in male patients, and the lymphocyte count was the only factor associated with intubation in female patients. On the whole, the data of the present study may be used to identify patient subpopulations responding to treatment with tocilizumab in prospective clinical trials.

Factors predicting poor outcomes of patients treated with tocilizumab for COVID‑19‑associated pneumonia: A retrospective study

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a significant global issue that has major implications for the healthcare system. The mortality rates associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection vary according to the geographical region and are associated with age, comorbidities and vaccination status. Organ damage is caused by the cytokine release syndrome, which plays a crucial role in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Innate and adaptive immune system stimulation in patients with COVID-19 results in inappropriate cytokine release. The anti-IL-6 receptor antagonist, tocilizumab, is used in the treatment of connective tissue diseases. The present single-center retrospective study on patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital between September, 2020 and April, 2022 aimed to identify predictors of mortality and other unfavorable outcomes in patients treated with tocilizumab for COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Demographics, vaccination status against SARS-CoV-2, the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), laboratory data and chest X-ray scores were recorded upon admission. In total, 174 subjects (121 males;mean age, 62.43±13.47 years) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. Among the 174 participants, 58 (33.3%) were intubated. The mortality rate was 35.1%. The non-survivors were older, mostly females, and had a higher CCI score. At the evaluation upon admission, the survivors presented with higher levels of alanine transferase and gamma glutamyl-transferase and with a greater number of platelets (PLTs), while patients that were intubated were also older, mostly females, and had a higher CCI score (P<0.05). Age was identified as the only independent factor predicting mortality in the Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression analysis. By performing a sub-analysis regarding sex, it was revealed that the value of PLTs was an independent factor predicting intubation and 90-day mortality in male patients, and the lymphocyte count was the only factor associated with intubation in female patients. On the whole, the data of the present study may be used to identify patient subpopulations responding to treatment with tocilizumab in prospective clinical trials.

Acute hepatitis and liver injury in hospitalized patients with COVID­19 infection.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic illness with an increased host inflammatory response that affects multiple extra-pulmonary organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. Abnormalities in liver biochemistry have been observed in a significant proportion of patients with COVID-19 upon admission, and this proportion increases with hospitalization. These abnormalities are typically manifested as elevations in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, with less frequently detected elevations in the levels of cholestatic enzymes. Elevated aminotransaminase levels have been linked to an increased risk of mortality and complications, indicating the severity of COVID-19 infection. The present study evaluated the prevalence and the baseline factors associated with the development of acute hepatitis (ΑΗ), liver injury (LI) and associated patterns, as well as the presence of abnormalities in the levels of aminotransferases at discharge in the same cohort. For this purpose, 1,304 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were enrolled in the study. According to the results obtained, AST levels at baseline were the only independent factor for AH during hospital stay, while AST, alkaline phosphatase and ferritin levels were independent baseline factors for the development of LI. The patients with hepatocellular, compared to those with cholestatic LI, exhibited similar survival rates, as well as similarities in the development of acute kidney injury and the need for oxygen via high-flow nasal cannula and/or mechanical ventilation. In addition, age and ALT were independent risk factors for persistent abnormal values of AST and ALT at discharge.

Biomarkers predicting the 30­day mortality of patients who underwent elective surgery and were infected with SARS­CoV­2 during the post­operative period: A retrospective study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a significant global concern that has had major implications for the healthcare system. Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) undergoing elective or emergency surgical procedures have a substantial risk of mortality and peri-operative complications. The present study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients who underwent elective surgery and developed nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection post-surgery. Patients who underwent thoracic, upper and lower abdominal or peripheral elective surgery with a polymerase chain reaction diagnosis of COVID-19, at 3-7 days after the surgery, were enrolled in the present retrospective study. Demographics, vaccination status against SARS-CoV-2, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and laboratory data were recorded upon admission to the hospital unit. In total, 116 subjects (80 males, 36 females; mean age, 67.31±16.83 years) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were identified. Among the 116 participants, 14 (12.1%) were intubated. From the 116 individuals analyzed, 84 were alive after 30 days (survivors), and 32 had succumbed to the disease (non-survivors). The mortality rate was 27.6% (32/116). The non-survivors had an older age and a higher CCI score. At the evaluation upon admission to the hospital unit, the survivors presented with higher serum albumin levels and a higher number of blood lymphocytes. In addition, the survivors exhibited lower levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CRP to albumin ratio (CAR) (P<0.05). The patients that were intubated had higher levels of gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT), ALP and ferritin, as well as a higher NLR and platelet to lymphocyte ratio upon admission to the hospital unit (P<0.05). According to the Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression analysis, the only independent predictors of mortality and intubation were ALP and GGT upon admission, respectively (P<0.05). On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that more stringent guidelines are required in order to prevent infection during the post-operative period.

Onodera's prognostic nutritional index: Comparison of its role in the severity and outcomes of patients with COVID­19 during the periods of alpha, delta and omicron variant predominance.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a severe public health threat worldwide, affecting the function of multiple organs in affected individuals, in addition to respiratory function. Several strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been circulating worldwide since it first arose, with some of these having the ability to escape from natural or vaccine-mediated immunity. The Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (OPNI), which is derived from the peripheral lymphocyte count and serum albumin, has been reported to be significantly associated with a poor survival rate and post-operative complications in patients with various diseases and in some studies on patients with COVID-19. The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of OPNI as a prognostic indicator in patients with COVID-19 during the periods of alpha, delta and omicron variant predominance. Adult patients who visited or were hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, covering the second, third (alpha variant), fourth (delta variant) and fifth (omicron variant) pandemic waves. According to the results obtained, OPNI exhibited a statistically significant difference among patients with mild/moderate, severe and critical disease, with the lowest values observed in patients with critical disease in all the pandemic waves examined. Moreover, OPNI was found to be an independent prognostic biomarker of intubation and mortality in patients with COVID-19, according to multivariate logistic regression analysis, including as confounders an age >65 years, the male sex and the presence of comorbidities in all periods examined.

Onodera's prognostic nutritional index: Comparison of its role in the severity and outcomes of patients with COVID‑19 during the periods of alpha, delta and omicron variant predominance

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a severe public health threat worldwide, affecting the function of multiple organs in affected individuals, in addition to respiratory function. Several strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been circulating worldwide since it first arose, with some of these having the ability to escape from natural or vaccine-mediated immunity. The Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (OPNI), which is derived from the peripheral lymphocyte count and serum albumin, has been reported to be significantly associated with a poor survival rate and post-operative complications in patients with various diseases and in some studies on patients with COVID-19. The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of OPNI as a prognostic indicator in patients with COVID-19 during the periods of alpha, delta and omicron variant predominance. Adult patients who visited or were hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, covering the second, third (alpha variant), fourth (delta variant) and fifth (omicron variant) pandemic waves. According to the results obtained, OPNI exhibited a statistically significant difference among patients with mild/moderate, severe and critical disease, with the lowest values observed in patients with critical disease in all the pandemic waves examined. Moreover, OPNI was found to be an independent prognostic biomarker of intubation and mortality in patients with COVID-19, according to multivariate logistic regression analysis, including as confounders an age >65 years, the male sex and the presence of comorbidities in all periods examined.

Immature granulocytes: Innovative biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Immature granulocytes (IGs) include metamyelocytes, myelocytes and promyelocytes, and are the precursors of neutrophils. Increased IG counts found in peripheral blood indicate an enhanced bone marrow activity. In addition, IGs have been evaluated in numerous clinical conditions, such as severe acute pancreatitis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and infectious complications following open-heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Neutrophils are considered to play a crucial role in the host defense during bacterial and fungal infections, and are involved in the antiviral immune response. Numerous studies have reported the role of neutrophils in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, concluding that the percentage of neutrophils may be a predictor of the severity of COVID-19 infection. There has been limited research regarding the role of neutrophil precursors in viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The present thus aimed to evaluate the role of the IG count in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection. The patients were predominantly infected with the alpha variant and were all unvaccinated. The IG count was measured and was found to be associated with disease severity, with patient outcomes, with the duration of hospitalization and with the development of complications. The IG count was a significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection, with greater IG count values being detected in severe and critical cases. In addition, greater IG count values were associated with a longer duration of hospitalization. Furthermore, the IG count was found to be an independent prognostic biomarker of intubation and mortality in patients with COVID-19, according to multivariate logistic regression analysis, including age, the male sex and the presence of comorbidities as confounders. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Molecular Medicine Reports is the property of Spandidos Publications UK Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

COVID-19-associated acute appendicitis in adults. A report of five cases and a review of the literature.

The novel coronavirus has negatively affected patients and healthcare systems globally. Individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience a wide range of respiratory symptoms, from mild flu-like symptoms to severe and potentially fatal pneumonia. Some patients report gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain in addition to the respiratory symptoms or as a separate presentation. Even though abdominal pain syndrome indicates acute appendicitis, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection should be considered as a possible diagnosis during this pandemic. However, there have been reports of a few cases of acute abdominal pain revealing acute appendicitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Appendectomy is challenging in COVID-19-infected patients with acute appendicitis as it includes high surgical risks for the patients, as well as hazards for healthcare professionals who are exposed to SARS-CoV-2. The present study reports five cases of adult patients with COVID-19 with simultaneous acute appendicitis. In addition, the present study aims to provide the framework for the diagnosis and management of adult patients with COVID-19 with acute appendicitis.

Radiologically suspected COVID-19-associated organizing pneumonia responding well to corticosteroids: A report of two cases and a review of the literature.

Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a type of diffuse interstitial lung disease, which may be induced in the context of several clinical conditions, such as drug reactions, infections, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated OP has been reported as a late-stage consequence of the infection or a histological form of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Autopsies and postmortem lung biopsies have demonstrated that the majority of patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia develop secondary OP, and COVID-19-associated pneumonia and OP have common radiological features. The diagnosis of COVID-19-associated OP should be suspected in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection who exhibit clinical deterioration despite optimal care, or who have aggravating symptoms following an initial recovery. The use of corticosteroids is a typical treatment for OP. However, to date, at least to the best of our knowledge, there are a few reports regarding the role of corticosteroids in COVID-19-associated pneumonia; thus, the optimal time for administration, the dose and treatment duration have not yet been determined. The present study presents two cases of patients with COVID-19, who exhibited clinical deterioration following the initial phase of infection and with radiological characteristics of OP who received corticosteroids and had a favorable outcome. The early diagnosis of COVID-19-associated OP may lead to targeted treatment, decreased requirements for ventilatory support and an improved survival rate.

Immature granulocytes: Innovative biomarker for SARS­CoV­2 infection.

Immature granulocytes (IGs) include metamyelocytes, myelocytes and promyelocytes, and are the precursors of neutrophils. Increased IG counts found in peripheral blood indicate an enhanced bone marrow activity. In addition, IGs have been evaluated in numerous clinical conditions, such as severe acute pancreatitis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and infectious complications following open­heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Neutrophils are considered to play a crucial role in the host defense during bacterial and fungal infections, and are involved in the antiviral immune response. Numerous studies have reported the role of neutrophils in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID­19) infection, concluding that the percentage of neutrophils may be a predictor of the severity of COVID­19 infection. There has been limited research regarding the role of neutrophil precursors in viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The present thus aimed to evaluate the role of the IG count in patients hospitalized due to COVID­19 infection. The patients were predominantly infected with the alpha variant and were all unvaccinated. The IG count was measured and was found to be associated with disease severity, with patient outcomes, with the duration of hospitalization and with the development of complications. The IG count was a significantly associated with the severity of COVID­19 infection, with greater IG count values being detected in severe and critical cases. In addition, greater IG count values were associated with a longer duration of hospitalization. Furthermore, the IG count was found to be an independent prognostic biomarker of intubation and mortality in patients with COVID­19, according to multivariate logistic regression analysis, including age, the male sex and the presence of comorbidities as confounders.

COVID-19 induced hypoparathyroidism: A case report.

Low levels of serum calcium, elevated levels of serum phosphorus and absent or abnormally low levels of serum parathyroid hormone characterize hypoparathyroidism, a rare endocrine deficiency illness. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by injury to the parathyroid gland as a result of surgery or autoimmune disease. In addition, hypoparathyroidism may develop due to genetic causes or infiltrative diseases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by multi-organ involvement, including the dysfunction of endocrine glands. Previous studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces endocrine tissue damage via various mechanisms, including direct cell damage from viral entry to the glands by binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors and replication, vasculitis, arterial and venous thrombosis, hypoxic cell damage, immune response and the cytokine storm. The effects of the new coronavirus, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the parathyroid glands have received limited attention. Hypoparathyroidism has been observed in a small number of individuals as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present study describes the case of a patient with primary hypoparathyroidism induced by COVID-19. Clinicians should also keep in mind that, despite the fact that SARS-CoV-2 has no known tropism for the parathyroid glands, it can result in primary hypoparathyroidism and decompensation of old primary hypoparathyroidism.

Favorable outcomes of patients with sickle cell disease hospitalized due to COVID-19: A report of three cases.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most frequent and severe monogenic disorders, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. SCD represents a fatal hematological illness, characterized by veno-occlusive events and hemolytic anemia. Hemolytic anemia is caused by abnormal sickle-shaped erythrocytes, which induce parenchymal destruction and persistent organ damage, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, patients with SCD were characterized as a 'high-risk' group due to their compromised immune system, caused by functional hyposplenism, as well as systemic vasculopathy. COVID-19 is characterized by endothelial damage and a procoagulant condition. The present study describes the clinical features, management and outcomes of 3 patients with SCD who were hospitalized due to COVID-19, who all had favorable outcomes despite the complications.

Exacerbation of bronchiectasis by Pseudomonas putida complicating COVID-19 disease: A case report

Novel coronavirus infection presents with greater severity in individuals with comorbid chronic lung diseases. Bronchiectasis is an illness characterized by permanent enlargement of the airways, presenting with chronic cough and sputum production and vulnerability to lung infections. Bronchiectasis is not a common comorbid disease in patients with COVID-19 disease and bronchiectasis exacerbation rates were decreased during the pandemic. However, COVID-19 disease is associated with worse outcomes in patients with bronchiectasis and patients with bronchiectasis are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection development. Pseudomonas putida is an opportunistic pathogen, causing infections mostly in immunocompromised hosts and is not a frequent bacterial colonizer in patients with bronchiectasis. This present study reports a rare case of exacerbation of bronchiectasis by Pseudomonas putida complicating COVID-19 disease in an immunocompetent 70-year-old woman. Clinicians should be aware that SARS-CoV-2 infection is probably a precipitating factor of bronchiectasis exacerbation while bronchiectasis is a risk factor for greater severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Experimental & Therapeutic Medicine is the property of Spandidos Publications UK Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in an unvaccinated 97-year-old woman: A case report.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infection caused by the newly detected coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The majority of individuals will exhibit mild to moderate illness. Older individuals, and those suffering from co-existing diseases have a greater probability of experiencing a serious illness. Moreover, elderly patients have higher mortality rates than younger patients, especially those who are unvaccinated. Asymptomatic infection is mostly observed in individuals who are younger, as younger patients are more likely to exhibit a stronger immune response to the infection; aging is characterized by the decline immune function. In this article, a rare case of an unvaccinated 97-year-old woman is described who was admitted to Laiko General Hospital due to altered levels of consciousness, hypotension and a hematoma of the thoracic region, and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a nasopharyngeal specimen and positive for IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein without a history of consistent manifestations, indicating a past asymptomatic infection.